ulffees



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 F. W. ULPIERS.

BEARING FOR PIVOTS, YAXLES, AND SHAFTS. No. 301,412. Pa'medgmy 1, 182111.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. P. W. ULFPBRS.

BEARING POR PIVOTS, AXLES, AND SHAFTS.

Patented July 1, 1884.

No. 301,412.r

l UNITED STATES PATENT EFICE.

EEIEDEIon WILHELM nnrnnns, 'or BERLIN, GERIIIANY, AssIGNon To s. ERENKEL, (Ernia) or SAME PLAGE.

BEARING AFor: Pivors, AxLEs, AND sHAFTs.

^ SPECIFICATION forming part of Leners Paten: No. 301,412, eared Juiy'Lieee.

E Applieation filed November 5, 1883. (No model.) Patented in Germany May 19, 1883, No. 24,837; 'in-Belgium September 29, 1883, `\No. 62.743; in France Detoher l, 1883, No. 157,794 in England October 17, 1883, No.4,962; in Italy `December 3:1, 1883, XXXI, 474,

and in. Sweden January 14', .1884.

t '..To all whom it may concern.,-

Be it known that 1,'FRIEDRIQH WILHELM ULFFERS, of the city of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Germany, have in vented eer tain new and useful Improvements in Bearings for Pivots, Axles, Shafts, &c., of which the following is a specification.

My improvement in bearings is based on the valuable property of parchment-paper, which in packets damped and powerfully compressed 'forms a substancepossessing a high power of i pose of causing it to swell, at the same time acts as an excellent lubricating agent. The use f of a greasy lubricant, alone becomes superduous, and v only use very Small quantities of oil, therefore, when metal also works simultaneously on metal, where, as in the case of iron shafts, itis required to preventthe formation of rust on the bearing-surfaces without it being necessary to provide a brass skinor other surrounding protective covering.

The aceoinpanying drawings represent the system. in 'three different methods of constru ction, the carryingout of the details of which may of course vary according to circu Instances. Figures 1 to 8, inclusive, show, as an exainple of construction, an upright bearing-block for heavy shafts of about two hundred millimeters diameter. Figs. 9 to 11, inclusive, show a light wall-bearing block; and Figs. 12 to 1'?, an axle-box bearing for railway-vehicles, &c. y Y

In the upright 'hearing-block a cast-iron body, K, Figs. 1, 2, 3,'4, and 6, carries two -semicylindrical bearing-pieces, G and H, by means of thek ilanges a' b c d, which tit close together, Figs. 2, s, and 4.1 TheA interior of these bearing-pieces is bored out to thediameter d', and forms a hollow cylinder quite open -on one side, but on the other side, q, closed down tothe diameter of theshaft. Two screws, e and f, connect these bearing-pieces together,

while four bolts, g, bfi, and k, effect connec-V tion with the body K. The bearing proper'consists of peculiar packing-pieces of half-ringshaped layers of parchment-paper a, Figs. l and 5, pressed together, the leaves of which stand vertically, and of metallic grooved halfrings b, (enlarged View, Fig. 7,) the largest diameter of which 'equals d. while the diameter o f their inner surfaces is only a little lar er than the-shaft-j ournal`l the shaft being parti ularly Wellturned and nished or polished at the journal partonly. Two semicircular coveringpieces, L, for the upper bearing-piece, and M for the lower one, having a diameter equal to that of the half-ring b, Figs. l, 3, and 5, allow' of each of the packings a b being compressed by means of three screwed studs, jp, against the end g of the bearing-pieces. The hat planed surfaces of the anges a band c d are provided with shallow rectangular recesses designed for l the' reception of rigid drilled plates rand s, respectively attached to the surfaces G and H. These plates r and "s on the one hand serve to lock the bearing-pieces in position and to guide them when pressed, while on the other-.hand 4 the holes yin them form a communication between the grooves of the upper and lower halfrings b, and, finally, they prevent the carrying round of the packing by the shaft when working.' The bearing-piece H carries a watervessel, N, the cover of which is put on'loosely or is screwed on and jointed, according asN (with or Without the-employment of a regulator) may be illed at intervals or kept perfectly full fromY a reservoir at a slight pressure. Radial holes u and two grooves, o, Figs.- 1l and 4, running parallel lengthwise of the shafts, place the contents of N in communicatioxrwith'the collective grooves ofthe halfrings b, and through these with the packings ,a and the surface of the sha'its, holes in fr' and s also allowing free passage of the, liquid to the lower packing. A thin joint outside the holes prevents the escape of the feed-.water between the flanges a b and c d. In the case where means are not already employed for the prevention of longitudinal displacement ofthe shaft, (as, for example, the recessed or simple thrust bearings used for screw-shafts by guide plates or ridges) voi: the usual guides for the proper working of the shaft-journal are not employed, 1 provide the shaft with a stop-ring, 0, held by each of the two carryingpieces w and y, Figs. 1 and 5,which come together with vertical joints. rlhe half-rings ac and y are each firmly attached by four screws, w, to the 'end surface, q, of the bearing-pieces. A small lubricator, c, keeps this par-t of the. bearing lubricated with oil through the vertical opening b2, Fig. 1. The small quantity of oil which spreads from here over the whole surface of the bearing protects the shaft from rust.

The method referred to of alternately placing a more or less thick layer of parchmentpaper, having its edge to the fshaft with intermediate metallic ring-shaped parts, lmay be said to be typical for the construction ot' my bearings, as l wou'ld only employ bearingpackings of parchment-paper without metallic intermediate disks exceptionally, where the usual lubricating channels or grooves might `be cut direct in the parchment --paper substance. The applicationof sucha sure and copious water-supply by means of intermediate metallic disks, permits of the complete utilization of the valuable properties of the parchment-paper as a material for bearings, while on the one hand the single-.ring pieces made of it are completely inclosed, and possess elasticity up to a certain very useful de grec; but being placed between relatively inelastic and rigidbodies the highest measure of resistance against surface-pressure is im'- parted on the other hand by reason of the relatively slight thickness of the individual ycompressible layers, (which thickness may of course vary according to circumstances,) unfnecessary radial pressure against the surface of the journal is prevented, and, finally, these intermediate metallic parts afford the best preventionof torsion within the packing itself, or of a circular travel 'of the whole packing by the action of the shaft, even in the case where bearings not in two parts are employed. Further, the metallic parts also forman impor `tant part as good conductors of heat, where,

on account of a particularly heavy bearingsurface, pressure o r a` high revolving speed,

heating takes place through friction, notwithstanding thecooling water lubricant,which heat then becomes distributed overthe whole bearing-block. ln the simple wall-bearing', Figs. 9-to 11, the .bearing-packing consists of entire rings slid in from the front. The packing is placed ina double-walled cylindrical bearing-block, E', cast in one piece, the hollow space C of which, filled with 4water, communicates with the packing thrcugh horizon- :other` byvertical grooves.

Vnular hollow space, which taliholes, ,which are again connected to each lThefpfcbur radial holes in the metallic intermediate parts, formed as shown in Fig. 8, conduct the necessary water to the surface of the journal. A compressing-cover, attached by screws d tothe bearing-block, is provided with a small oilgroove, e', and has at f', Fig. 11,.a vertical hole for fitting on a lubricating-vessel, g', filled with water. The axle-bearing representedin vertical longitudinal section, Fig. 12, half crossseetion, Fig. 13,'(through line A? B2) half front view, Fig. 14, and side elevation, Fig'. 17, is on the same principle of construction as those first described. The

journal P has at its root onlya slight incline outward, which, however, does not .operate against longitudinal displacement. The substantially cylindrical axle box isv doublewalled for the greater portion of its circumference. Its annular hollow space is entirely interrupted only at the uppermost zone and near the end part, q', Fig. 12, where the side grooves, Q, necessitate a strengthening of the walls. Radial holes a and b3 and corresponding longitudinal grooves again effect communication between the bearing part and the anlatter is supplied with the requisite water through a small tube, c2. The bearing completely surrounds the journal. The packing consists of iiiclosed parchment rings a and metallic rings b, Figs. 8 and 12. They are put on a ring-fork, lr', Figs. 12 and 17, having rigid legs s,the thicker ends of which are introduced into corresponding holes in theend of the bearing-frame g, and it is then passed into the body of thebearing-block. The end surface of the bearingblock carries a strong hinged iiap, R., which may be fastened by a'pivoted strap, S; but the form and position of the fastening may of course vary according tothe kind of springs used and the` method of fastenin them. A simple joint-ring set in the en surface of the bearing-blocklmakes the closure tight. By means of this compressing-ring 4e, Fig. 12, suitably turned to the diameter d', Fig. 13, and ofthe four set-screws f, Figs. 12, 14, and 15, the packing is kept under pressure. Two holes correspondingto the position of the forked legs s', Fig. 17',- allowthe frfmt ends of these legs to pass `through e. The legs s', in combination with the friction caused by the great pressure at the end surfaces of the pack-- ing, prevent the turninground of the'pae'lz* ing.v A central projection, j, Figs. 12 andf, on the flap R, in conjunction with the entre spending projecting part in the opposite axlebox, prevents excessive longitudinal displace'- ment of the axle. `The controlling-surface i? receives a little. oil lubricant,`which Tin this case sufficiently greases the whole-fof the journal to keep it free from rust. cylindrical lubricating-box, m, Figs. and 16,'with a small lubricating-tube, E?, bent downward at right angles, intc'a cor- Agshall'o-W IOO IIO

responding hole in the aplft. The center of this lubricating-box carries a small horizontal slit hollow cylinder, n?, inside of which is-iixed a small spiral spring. t By means of this spiral spring and of a slightly-yielding hinged' lever, o?, Fig. 16, with catch arrangement, this lubricating-box is held fast. Immediately behind the journal the axle carries a capsulering, T, the outer border circumscribing, with 'space for play, the outer surface of the axlebox, Which is turned at that part. This simple arrangement protectsthe inside ofthe bearing from dirt.

I claim as my invention- 1. A bearing or stuffing box having a bearing-surface consisting of compressed parchment-paper, with the edge-surface ofthe leaves against the shaft, substantially as set forth.

` 2. A bearing or stuiiing box having a bearing-surface consisting of compressed layers or packets of parchment-paper, with intermediate metallic rings, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a bearing-box having a bearing-surface consisting of semi-annular packets of parchment-paper, with intermediate semi-annularmetallic pieces and guide-plates r s, substantially as described.

4. The combination of a bearing-box having a bearing-surface of compressed layers or packets of parchment-paper,with intermediate perforated metallic pieces and a Water-supply and Water-channels to the parchment layers,as and for the purpose specified.

5. The combination of a bearing-block, K, and bearing-pieces G H, with semi-annular parchment packets, intermediate metallic pieces, and perforated guide-plates r s.

.6. The combination of a bearing-box, packets oparchmentpaper., and intermediate metallic pieces, with pressure-rings to compress the paper, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of bearing-pieces G H and a shaft having a stop-ring, o, with carrying-piece a; y, made in two parts, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I'have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

FRIEDRICH WILHELM ULFFERS.

lVVit'lnesses:

B. Roi, MARS M. Bossen. 

